Singaporean architecture firm Park + Associates, in collaboration with CES_InnovFab—a developer specializing in large-scale 3D printed construction—has completed QR3D, the country’s first multi-storey 3D printed residential building. Conceived as the personal residence of Park + Associates’ founder, Lim Koon Park, the project serves as a full-scale prototype to evaluate the potential of additive manufacturing (AM) in residential architecture.
Over 90% of the structure was fabricated using a proprietary concrete mix, with components printed both on-site and off-site. This hybrid approach highlights the scalability of 3D printing for comprehensive, built-environment projects.
Design and Technical Strategy
The architecture reflects Park + Associates’ commitment to sculptural clarity and contextual sensitivity. Exposed printed concrete and restrained detailing foreground the construction process and emphasize material authenticity. A circular oculus, positioned above the dining area, provides passive cooling and references the neoclassical home that formerly occupied the site.
This architectural element also serves a functional purpose—structuring the interior space and enhancing natural daylight—reinforcing the relationship between environmental performance and occupant experience.
“Our goal wasn’t to chase novelty,” said Lim Koon Park. “We set out to build a family home that remains meaningful and respected for decades. QR3D is about honouring our design values while embracing the possibilities of new technology.”
Park + Associates highlighted how additive manufacturing could offer viable solutions to key challenges in the construction sector, particularly within urban environments. By streamlining labor requirements, reducing material waste, and minimizing on-site disruption, the 3D printing process presents a more efficient and potentially sustainable approach to residential construction.
3D Printing in Construction: Advancing Speed, Affordability, and Sustainability
In June, The Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture (KNUBA), launched a two-year collaborative project to develop concrete mixtures using construction debris and other waste materials. These new concrete blends will be used in both traditional construction and advanced 3D printing technologies to accelerate the rebuilding of Ukraine’s damaged infrastructure. This initiative aims not only to support rapid and sustainable reconstruction but also to establish a scalable model for post-crisis infrastructure development worldwide.
In 2024, Sustainable Concrete Innovations (SCI), an Ohio-based construction firm, implemented 3D concrete printing technology for residential building projects. Leveraging advanced machinery supplied by Dutch company CyBe Construction, SCI set out to create homes that are faster to build, more cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable.
By integrating 3D printed wall elements into conventional construction workflows, SCI has achieved significant reductions in both labor and material costs. This method not only shortens project timelines but also drastically minimizes material waste, aligning with broader sustainability objectives by reducing the environmental impact of construction activities.
What 3D printing trends should you watch out for in 2025?
How is the future of 3D printing shaping up?
To stay up to date with the latest 3D printing news, don’t forget to subscribe to the 3D Printing Industry newsletter or follow us on Linkedin.
While you’re here, why not subscribe to our YouTube channel? Featuring discussion, debriefs, video shorts, and webinar replays.
Feature image shows 3D printed residential building. Photo via Park + Associates.
